when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthessis: (myOptionVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionVar.foo)?? The failing instruction (FTL stack trace): ---------- ==> ${ocms_webname} [in template "common.ftl" in macro "header" at line 61, column 32] @c.header index=cat.id [in template "case_list.ftl" at line 36, column 5] ---------- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---------- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:98) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToString(EvalUtil.java:382) at freemarker.core.Expression.evalAndCoerceToString(Expression.java:115) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.Macro$Context.runMacro(Macro.java:209) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:694) at freemarker.core.UnifiedCall.accept(UnifiedCall.java:116) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitByHiddingParent(Environment.java:286) at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:86) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:243) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:277) at com.paidot.ocms.utils.FreemarkerUtils.exportHtml(FreemarkerUtils.java:102) at com.paidot.ocms.utils.FreemarkerUtils.exportListHtml(FreemarkerUtils.java:207) at com.paidot.ocms.utils.FreemarkerUtils.exportCategory(FreemarkerUtils.java:148) at com.paidot.ocms.controller.admin.StaticController$1.run(StaticController.java:173) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)